This article discusses formication, including the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and complications that can occur.
Formication Causes
Formication has a variety of causes, from mental health conditions to side effects of medications or recreational drugs.
Formication can occur as a symptom of mental health disorders. These can include:
Anxiety disorders Depression Delusional parasitosis Schizophrenia
Formication can be a side effect of methamphetamine use. This condition is often called “meth mites” because it commonly affects people who use large amounts of this drug on a daily basis.
Formication can also occur with the use of cocaine, crystal meth (a condition known as “coke bugs”), and heroin. These sensations can also occur during drug or alcohol withdrawal.
Formication is often caused by medications used to treat mental health conditions. Most commonly, it occurs with the use of antipsychotics, such as Abilify (aripiprazole), Haldol (haloperidol), Zyprexa (olanzapine), fluphenazine, and Risperdal (risperidone).
This side effect can also occur with the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are often used to treat depression. Examples include Paxil (paroxetine), Celexa (citalopram), Luvox (fluvoxamine), Prozac (fluoxetine), and Zoloft (sertraline).
Formication can also occur with other conditions, such as:
Menopause Fibromyalgia Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Herpes zoster (shingles) Lupus Parkinson’s disease Lewy body dementia
Symptoms
The main symptom of formication is feeling like bugs are crawling on your skin. This condition can also cause other sensations such as:
ItchingPrickingTinglingPins and needles
Diagnosis and Treatment of Formication
There is no specific test for formication. Your healthcare provider will review your medical history and current medications and ask questions about your symptoms. It’s important to be honest with your provider, even if you are consuming a lot of alcohol or using illegal substances.
Treatment of formication depends on the underlying cause. If it’s a side effect of medication, other medications might be tried instead. Formication that occurs from drug use or withdrawal will often resolve on its own, once the drug use has stopped and the body has detoxed.
Mental health conditions can be treated with medication and counseling. Menopause symptoms are often treated with supplements or hormone replacement therapy, while shingles is treated with antiviral medications.
However, formication caused by progressive conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia, lupus, or peripheral neuropathy from uncontrolled diabetes, might be permanent.
Complications of Formication
Formication often causes an itching sensation, which leads to scratching. Too much scratching can cause skin irritation and open wounds, which are then vulnerable to infection.
Other complications can include:
IrritabilityDifficulty sleepingTrouble concentratingPoor quality of lifeFatigueDepressionAnxietyBody aches
Summary
Formication is a sensation of “skin crawling.” It is a type of tactile hallucination. Formication can be caused by the use of illegal substances, alcohol or substance withdrawal, medical or mental health conditions, menopause, or as a side effect of drugs. It can lead to difficulty sleeping, skin wounds, irritability, and poor quality of life. To treat formication, the underlying cause must be addressed. In some cases, this symptom may be permanent.
A Word From Verywell
If you feel like your skin is “crawling,” you could have formication. Keep track of your symptoms and notice if they occur after a medication change or after consuming alcohol. These can be clues about the cause of your discomfort. Talk to your healthcare provider about your concerns to determine the best treatment options.
